paramiko/paramiko/transport.py

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#!/usr/bin/python
# Copyright (C) 2003-2004 Robey Pointer <robey@lag.net>
#
# This file is part of paramiko.
#
# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# Paramiko is distrubuted in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
"""
L{BaseTransport} handles the core SSH2 protocol.
"""
import sys, os, string, threading, socket, struct, time
from common import *
from ssh_exception import SSHException
from message import Message
from channel import Channel
import util
from rsakey import RSAKey
from dsskey import DSSKey
from kex_group1 import KexGroup1
from kex_gex import KexGex
from primes import ModulusPack
# these come from PyCrypt
# http://www.amk.ca/python/writing/pycrypt/
# i believe this on the standards track.
# PyCrypt compiled for Win32 can be downloaded from the HashTar homepage:
# http://nitace.bsd.uchicago.edu:8080/hashtar
from Crypto.Cipher import Blowfish, AES, DES3
from Crypto.Hash import SHA, MD5, HMAC
# for thread cleanup
_active_threads = []
def _join_lingering_threads():
for thr in _active_threads:
thr.active = False
import atexit
atexit.register(_join_lingering_threads)
class SecurityOptions (object):
"""
Simple object containing the security preferences of an ssh transport.
These are tuples of acceptable ciphers, digests, key types, and key
exchange algorithms, listed in order of preference.
Changing the contents and/or order of these fields affects the underlying
L{Transport} (but only if you change them before starting the session).
If you try to add an algorithm that paramiko doesn't recognize,
C{ValueError} will be raised. If you try to assign something besides a
tuple to one of the fields, C{TypeError} will be raised.
@since: ivysaur
"""
__slots__ = [ 'ciphers', 'digests', 'key_types', 'kex', '_transport' ]
def __init__(self, transport):
self._transport = transport
def __repr__(self):
"""
Returns a string representation of this object, for debugging.
@rtype: str
"""
return '<paramiko.SecurityOptions for %s>' % repr(self._transport)
def _get_ciphers(self):
return self._transport._preferred_ciphers
def _get_digests(self):
return self._transport._preferred_macs
def _get_key_types(self):
return self._transport._preferred_keys
def _get_kex(self):
return self._transport._preferred_kex
def _set(self, name, orig, x):
if type(x) is list:
x = tuple(x)
if type(x) is not tuple:
raise TypeError('expected tuple or list')
possible = getattr(self._transport, orig).keys()
if len(filter(lambda n: n not in possible, x)) > 0:
raise ValueError('unknown cipher')
setattr(self._transport, name, x)
def _set_ciphers(self, x):
self._set('_preferred_ciphers', '_cipher_info', x)
def _set_digests(self, x):
self._set('_preferred_macs', '_mac_info', x)
def _set_key_types(self, x):
self._set('_preferred_keys', '_key_info', x)
def _set_kex(self, x):
self._set('_preferred_kex', '_kex_info', x)
ciphers = property(_get_ciphers, _set_ciphers, None,
"Symmetric encryption ciphers")
digests = property(_get_digests, _set_digests, None,
"Digest (one-way hash) algorithms")
key_types = property(_get_key_types, _set_key_types, None,
"Public-key algorithms")
kex = property(_get_kex, _set_kex, None, "Key exchange algorithms")
class BaseTransport (threading.Thread):
"""
Handles protocol negotiation, key exchange, encryption, and the creation
of channels across an SSH session. Basically everything but authentication
is done here.
"""
_PROTO_ID = '2.0'
_CLIENT_ID = 'paramiko_1.0'
_preferred_ciphers = ( 'aes128-cbc', 'blowfish-cbc', 'aes256-cbc', '3des-cbc' )
_preferred_macs = ( 'hmac-sha1', 'hmac-md5', 'hmac-sha1-96', 'hmac-md5-96' )
_preferred_keys = ( 'ssh-rsa', 'ssh-dss' )
_preferred_kex = ( 'diffie-hellman-group1-sha1', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1' )
_cipher_info = {
'blowfish-cbc': { 'class': Blowfish, 'mode': Blowfish.MODE_CBC, 'block-size': 8, 'key-size': 16 },
'aes128-cbc': { 'class': AES, 'mode': AES.MODE_CBC, 'block-size': 16, 'key-size': 16 },
'aes256-cbc': { 'class': AES, 'mode': AES.MODE_CBC, 'block-size': 16, 'key-size': 32 },
'3des-cbc': { 'class': DES3, 'mode': DES3.MODE_CBC, 'block-size': 8, 'key-size': 24 },
}
_mac_info = {
'hmac-sha1': { 'class': SHA, 'size': 20 },
'hmac-sha1-96': { 'class': SHA, 'size': 12 },
'hmac-md5': { 'class': MD5, 'size': 16 },
'hmac-md5-96': { 'class': MD5, 'size': 12 },
}
_key_info = {
'ssh-rsa': RSAKey,
'ssh-dss': DSSKey,
}
_kex_info = {
'diffie-hellman-group1-sha1': KexGroup1,
'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1': KexGex,
}
REKEY_PACKETS = pow(2, 30)
REKEY_BYTES = pow(2, 30)
_modulus_pack = None
def __init__(self, sock):
"""
Create a new SSH session over an existing socket, or socket-like
object. This only creates the Transport object; it doesn't begin the
SSH session yet. Use L{connect} or L{start_client} to begin a client
session, or L{start_server} to begin a server session.
If the object is not actually a socket, it must have the following
methods:
- C{send(str)}: Writes from 1 to C{len(str)} bytes, and
returns an int representing the number of bytes written. Returns
0 or raises C{EOFError} if the stream has been closed.
- C{recv(int)}: Reads from 1 to C{int} bytes and returns them as a
string. Returns 0 or raises C{EOFError} if the stream has been
closed.
- C{close()}: Closes the socket.
- C{settimeout(n)}: Sets a (float) timeout on I/O operations.
For ease of use, you may also pass in an address (as a tuple) or a host
string as the C{sock} argument. (A host string is a hostname with an
optional port (separated by C{":"}) which will be converted into a
tuple of C{(hostname, port)}.) A socket will be connected to this
address and used for communication. Exceptions from the C{socket} call
may be thrown in this case.
@param sock: a socket or socket-like object to create the session over.
@type sock: socket
"""
if type(sock) is str:
# convert "host:port" into (host, port)
hl = sock.split(':', 1)
if len(hl) == 1:
sock = (hl[0], 22)
else:
sock = (hl[0], int(hl[1]))
if type(sock) is tuple:
# connect to the given (host, port)
hostname, port = sock
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.connect((hostname, port))
# okay, normal socket-ish flow here...
threading.Thread.__init__(self, target=self._run)
self.randpool = randpool
self.sock = sock
# Python < 2.3 doesn't have the settimeout method - RogerB
try:
# we set the timeout so we can check self.active periodically to
# see if we should bail. socket.timeout exception is never
# propagated.
self.sock.settimeout(0.1)
except AttributeError:
pass
# negotiated crypto parameters
self.local_version = 'SSH-' + self._PROTO_ID + '-' + self._CLIENT_ID
self.remote_version = ''
self.block_size_out = self.block_size_in = 8
self.local_mac_len = self.remote_mac_len = 0
self.engine_in = self.engine_out = None
self.local_cipher = self.remote_cipher = ''
self.sequence_number_in = self.sequence_number_out = 0L
self.local_kex_init = self.remote_kex_init = None
self.session_id = None
# /negotiated crypto parameters
self.expected_packet = 0
self.active = False
self.initial_kex_done = False
self.write_lock = threading.RLock() # lock around outbound writes (packet computation)
self.lock = threading.Lock() # synchronization (always higher level than write_lock)
self.channels = { } # (id -> Channel)
self.channel_events = { } # (id -> Event)
self.channel_counter = 1
self.logger = logging.getLogger('paramiko.transport')
self.window_size = 65536
self.max_packet_size = 32768
self.ultra_debug = False
self.saved_exception = None
self.clear_to_send = threading.Event()
# used for noticing when to re-key:
self.received_bytes = 0
self.received_packets = 0
self.received_packets_overflow = 0
self.sent_bytes = 0
self.sent_packets = 0
# user-defined event callbacks:
self.completion_event = None
# keepalives:
self.keepalive_interval = 0
self.keepalive_last = time.time()
# server mode:
self.server_mode = False
self.server_object = None
self.server_key_dict = { }
self.server_accepts = [ ]
self.server_accept_cv = threading.Condition(self.lock)
self.subsystem_table = { }
def __repr__(self):
"""
Returns a string representation of this object, for debugging.
@rtype: str
"""
out = '<paramiko.BaseTransport at %s' % hex(id(self))
if not self.active:
out += ' (unconnected)'
else:
if self.local_cipher != '':
out += ' (cipher %s, %d bits)' % (self.local_cipher,
self._cipher_info[self.local_cipher]['key-size'] * 8)
if len(self.channels) == 1:
out += ' (active; 1 open channel)'
else:
out += ' (active; %d open channels)' % len(self.channels)
out += '>'
return out
def get_security_options(self):
"""
Return a L{SecurityOptions} object which can be used to tweak the
encryption algorithms this transport will permit, and the order of
preference for them.
@return: an object that can be used to change the preferred algorithms
for encryption, digest (hash), public key, and key exchange.
@rtype: L{SecurityOptions}
@since: ivysaur
"""
return SecurityOptions(self)
def start_client(self, event=None):
"""
Negotiate a new SSH2 session as a client. This is the first step after
creating a new L{Transport}. A separate thread is created for protocol
negotiation, so this method returns immediately.
When negotiation is done (successful or not), the given C{Event} will
be triggered. On failure, L{is_active} will return C{False}.
After a successful negotiation, you will usually want to authenticate,
calling L{auth_password <Transport.auth_password>} or
L{auth_publickey <Transport.auth_publickey>}.
@note: L{connect} is a simpler method for connecting as a client.
@note: After calling this method (or L{start_server} or L{connect}),
you should no longer directly read from or write to the original socket
object.
@param event: an event to trigger when negotiation is complete.
@type event: threading.Event
"""
self.completion_event = event
self.start()
def start_server(self, event=None, server=None):
"""
Negotiate a new SSH2 session as a server. This is the first step after
creating a new L{Transport} and setting up your server host key(s). A
separate thread is created for protocol negotiation, so this method
returns immediately.
When negotiation is done (successful or not), the given C{Event} will
be triggered. On failure, L{is_active} will return C{False}.
After a successful negotiation, the client will need to authenticate.
Override the methods
L{get_allowed_auths <ServerInterface.get_allowed_auths>},
L{check_auth_none <ServerInterface.check_auth_none>},
L{check_auth_password <ServerInterface.check_auth_password>}, and
L{check_auth_publickey <ServerInterface.check_auth_publickey>} in the
given C{server} object to control the authentication process.
After a successful authentication, the client should request to open
a channel. Override
L{check_channel_request <ServerInterface.check_channel_request>} in the
given C{server} object to allow channels to be opened.
@note: After calling this method (or L{start_client} or L{connect}),
you should no longer directly read from or write to the original socket
object.
@param event: an event to trigger when negotiation is complete.
@type event: threading.Event
@param server: an object used to perform authentication and create
L{Channel}s.
@type server: L{server.ServerInterface}
"""
if server is None:
server = ServerInterface()
self.server_mode = True
self.server_object = server
self.completion_event = event
self.start()
def add_server_key(self, key):
"""
Add a host key to the list of keys used for server mode. When behaving
as a server, the host key is used to sign certain packets during the
SSH2 negotiation, so that the client can trust that we are who we say
we are. Because this is used for signing, the key must contain private
key info, not just the public half.
@param key: the host key to add, usually an L{RSAKey <rsakey.RSAKey>} or
L{DSSKey <dsskey.DSSKey>}.
@type key: L{PKey <pkey.PKey>}
"""
self.server_key_dict[key.get_name()] = key
def get_server_key(self):
"""
Return the active host key, in server mode. After negotiating with the
client, this method will return the negotiated host key. If only one
type of host key was set with L{add_server_key}, that's the only key
that will ever be returned. But in cases where you have set more than
one type of host key (for example, an RSA key and a DSS key), the key
type will be negotiated by the client, and this method will return the
key of the type agreed on. If the host key has not been negotiated
yet, C{None} is returned. In client mode, the behavior is undefined.
@return: host key of the type negotiated by the client, or C{None}.
@rtype: L{PKey <pkey.PKey>}
"""
try:
return self.server_key_dict[self.host_key_type]
except KeyError:
return None
def load_server_moduli(filename=None):
"""
I{(optional)}
Load a file of prime moduli for use in doing group-exchange key
negotiation in server mode. It's a rather obscure option and can be
safely ignored.
In server mode, the remote client may request "group-exchange" key
negotiation, which asks the server to send a random prime number that
fits certain criteria. These primes are pretty difficult to compute,
so they can't be generated on demand. But many systems contain a file
of suitable primes (usually named something like C{/etc/ssh/moduli}).
If you call C{load_server_moduli} and it returns C{True}, then this
file of primes has been loaded and we will support "group-exchange" in
server mode. Otherwise server mode will just claim that it doesn't
support that method of key negotiation.
@param filename: optional path to the moduli file, if you happen to
know that it's not in a standard location.
@type filename: str
@return: True if a moduli file was successfully loaded; False
otherwise.
@rtype: bool
@since: doduo
@note: This has no effect when used in client mode.
"""
BaseTransport._modulus_pack = ModulusPack(randpool)
# places to look for the openssh "moduli" file
file_list = [ '/etc/ssh/moduli', '/usr/local/etc/moduli' ]
if filename is not None:
file_list.insert(0, filename)
for fn in file_list:
try:
BaseTransport._modulus_pack.read_file(fn)
return True
except IOError:
pass
# none succeeded
BaseTransport._modulus_pack = None
return False
load_server_moduli = staticmethod(load_server_moduli)
def close(self):
"""
Close this session, and any open channels that are tied to it.
"""
self.active = False
self.engine_in = self.engine_out = None
self.sequence_number_in = self.sequence_number_out = 0L
for chan in self.channels.values():
chan._unlink()
def get_remote_server_key(self):
"""
Return the host key of the server (in client mode).
@note: Previously this call returned a tuple of (key type, key string).
You can get the same effect by calling
L{PKey.get_name <pkey.PKey.get_name>} for the key type, and C{str(key)}
for the key string.
@raise SSHException: if no session is currently active.
@return: public key of the remote server.
@rtype: L{PKey <pkey.PKey>}
"""
if (not self.active) or (not self.initial_kex_done):
raise SSHException('No existing session')
return self.host_key
def is_active(self):
"""
Return true if this session is active (open).
@return: True if the session is still active (open); False if the session is closed.
@rtype: bool
"""
return self.active
def open_session(self):
"""
Request a new channel to the server, of type C{"session"}. This
is just an alias for C{open_channel('session')}.
@return: a new L{Channel} on success, or C{None} if the request is
rejected or the session ends prematurely.
@rtype: L{Channel}
"""
return self.open_channel('session')
def open_channel(self, kind, dest_addr=None, src_addr=None):
"""
Request a new channel to the server. L{Channel}s are socket-like
objects used for the actual transfer of data across the session.
You may only request a channel after negotiating encryption (using
L{connect} or L{start_client} and authenticating.
@param kind: the kind of channel requested (usually C{"session"},
C{"forwarded-tcpip"} or C{"direct-tcpip"}).
@type kind: str
@param dest_addr: the destination address of this port forwarding,
if C{kind} is C{"forwarded-tcpip"} or C{"direct-tcpip"} (ignored
for other channel types).
@type dest_addr: (str, int)
@param src_addr: the source address of this port forwarding, if
C{kind} is C{"forwarded-tcpip"} or C{"direct-tcpip"}.
@type src_addr: (str, int)
@return: a new L{Channel} on success, or C{None} if the request is
rejected or the session ends prematurely.
@rtype: L{Channel}
"""
chan = None
if not self.active:
# don't bother trying to allocate a channel
return None
try:
self.lock.acquire()
chanid = self.channel_counter
self.channel_counter += 1
m = Message()
m.add_byte(chr(MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN))
m.add_string(kind)
m.add_int(chanid)
m.add_int(self.window_size)
m.add_int(self.max_packet_size)
if (kind == 'forwarded-tcpip') or (kind == 'direct-tcpip'):
m.add_string(dest_addr[0])
m.add_int(dest_addr[1])
m.add_string(src_addr[0])
m.add_int(src_addr[1])
self.channels[chanid] = chan = Channel(chanid)
self.channel_events[chanid] = event = threading.Event()
chan._set_transport(self)
chan._set_window(self.window_size, self.max_packet_size)
self._send_user_message(m)
finally:
self.lock.release()
while 1:
event.wait(0.1);
if not self.active:
return None
if event.isSet():
break
try:
self.lock.acquire()
if not self.channels.has_key(chanid):
chan = None
finally:
self.lock.release()
return chan
def send_ignore(self, bytes=None):
"""
Send a junk packet across the encrypted link. This is sometimes used
to add "noise" to a connection to confuse would-be attackers. It can
also be used as a keep-alive for long lived connections traversing
firewalls.
@param bytes: the number of random bytes to send in the payload of the
ignored packet -- defaults to a random number from 10 to 41.
@type bytes: int
@since: fearow
"""
m = Message()
m.add_byte(chr(MSG_IGNORE))
if bytes is None:
bytes = (ord(randpool.get_bytes(1)) % 32) + 10
m.add_bytes(randpool.get_bytes(bytes))
self._send_user_message(m)
def renegotiate_keys(self):
"""
Force this session to switch to new keys. Normally this is done
automatically after the session hits a certain number of packets or
bytes sent or received, but this method gives you the option of forcing
new keys whenever you want. Negotiating new keys causes a pause in
traffic both ways as the two sides swap keys and do computations. This
method returns when the session has switched to new keys, or the
session has died mid-negotiation.
@return: True if the renegotiation was successful, and the link is
using new keys; False if the session dropped during renegotiation.
@rtype: bool
"""
self.completion_event = threading.Event()
self._send_kex_init()
while 1:
self.completion_event.wait(0.1);
if not self.active:
return False
if self.completion_event.isSet():
break
return True
def set_keepalive(self, interval):
"""
Turn on/off keepalive packets (default is off). If this is set, after
C{interval} seconds without sending any data over the connection, a
"keepalive" packet will be sent (and ignored by the remote host). This
can be useful to keep connections alive over a NAT, for example.
@param interval: seconds to wait before sending a keepalive packet (or
0 to disable keepalives).
@type interval: int
@since: fearow
"""
self.keepalive_interval = interval
def global_request(self, kind, data=None, wait=True):
"""
Make a global request to the remote host. These are normally
extensions to the SSH2 protocol.
@param kind: name of the request.
@type kind: str
@param data: an optional tuple containing additional data to attach
to the request.
@type data: tuple
@param wait: C{True} if this method should not return until a response
is received; C{False} otherwise.
@type wait: bool
@return: a L{Message} containing possible additional data if the
request was successful (or an empty L{Message} if C{wait} was
C{False}); C{None} if the request was denied.
@rtype: L{Message}
@since: fearow
"""
if wait:
self.completion_event = threading.Event()
m = Message()
m.add_byte(chr(MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST))
m.add_string(kind)
m.add_boolean(wait)
if data is not None:
for item in data:
m.add(item)
self._log(DEBUG, 'Sending global request "%s"' % kind)
self._send_user_message(m)
if not wait:
return True
while True:
self.completion_event.wait(0.1)
if not self.active:
return False
if self.completion_event.isSet():
break
return self.global_response
def check_global_request(self, kind, msg):
"""
I{(subclass override)}
Handle a global request of the given C{kind}. This method is called
in server mode and client mode, whenever the remote host makes a global
request. If there are any arguments to the request, they will be in
C{msg}.
There aren't any useful global requests defined, aside from port
forwarding, so usually this type of request is an extension to the
protocol.
If the request was successful and you would like to return contextual
data to the remote host, return a tuple. Items in the tuple will be
sent back with the successful result. (Note that the items in the
tuple can only be strings, ints, longs, or bools.)
The default implementation always returns C{False}, indicating that it
does not support any global requests.
@param kind: the kind of global request being made.
@type kind: str
@param msg: any extra arguments to the request.
@type msg: L{Message}
@return: C{True} or a tuple of data if the request was granted;
C{False} otherwise.
@rtype: bool
"""
return False
def accept(self, timeout=None):
try:
self.lock.acquire()
if len(self.server_accepts) > 0:
chan = self.server_accepts.pop(0)
else:
self.server_accept_cv.wait(timeout)
if len(self.server_accepts) > 0:
chan = self.server_accepts.pop(0)
else:
# timeout
chan = None
finally:
self.lock.release()
return chan
def connect(self, hostkey=None, username='', password=None, pkey=None):
"""
Negotiate an SSH2 session, and optionally verify the server's host key
and authenticate using a password or private key. This is a shortcut
for L{start_client}, L{get_remote_server_key}, and
L{Transport.auth_password} or L{Transport.auth_publickey}. Use those
methods if you want more control.
You can use this method immediately after creating a Transport to
negotiate encryption with a server. If it fails, an exception will be
thrown. On success, the method will return cleanly, and an encrypted
session exists. You may immediately call L{open_channel} or
L{open_session} to get a L{Channel} object, which is used for data
transfer.
@note: If you fail to supply a password or private key, this method may
succeed, but a subsequent L{open_channel} or L{open_session} call may
fail because you haven't authenticated yet.
@param hostkey: the host key expected from the server, or C{None} if
you don't want to do host key verification.
@type hostkey: L{PKey<pkey.PKey>}
@param username: the username to authenticate as.
@type username: str
@param password: a password to use for authentication, if you want to
use password authentication; otherwise C{None}.
@type password: str
@param pkey: a private key to use for authentication, if you want to
use private key authentication; otherwise C{None}.
@type pkey: L{PKey<pkey.PKey>}
@raise SSHException: if the SSH2 negotiation fails, the host key
supplied by the server is incorrect, or authentication fails.
@since: doduo
"""
if hostkey is not None:
self._preferred_keys = [ hostkey.get_name() ]
event = threading.Event()
self.start_client(event)
while 1:
event.wait(0.1)
if not self.active:
e = self.saved_exception
self.saved_exception = None
if e is not None:
raise e
raise SSHException('Negotiation failed.')
if event.isSet():
break
# check host key if we were given one
if (hostkey is not None):
key = self.get_remote_server_key()
if (key.get_name() != hostkey.get_name()) or (str(key) != str(hostkey)):
self._log(DEBUG, 'Bad host key from server')
self._log(DEBUG, 'Expected: %s: %s' % (hostkey.get_name(), repr(str(hostkey))))
self._log(DEBUG, 'Got : %s: %s' % (key.get_name(), repr(str(key))))
raise SSHException('Bad host key from server')
self._log(DEBUG, 'Host key verified (%s)' % hostkey.get_name())
if (pkey is not None) or (password is not None):
event.clear()
if password is not None:
self._log(DEBUG, 'Attempting password auth...')
self.auth_password(username, password, event)
else:
self._log(DEBUG, 'Attempting pkey auth...')
self.auth_publickey(username, pkey, event)
while 1:
event.wait(0.1)
if not self.active:
e = self.saved_exception
self.saved_exception = None
if e is not None:
raise e
raise SSHException('Authentication failed.')
if event.isSet():
break
if not self.is_authenticated():
raise SSHException('Authentication failed.')
return
def set_subsystem_handler(self, name, handler, *larg, **kwarg):
"""
Set the handler class for a subsystem in server mode. If a reqeuest
for this subsystem is made on an open ssh channel later, this handler
will be constructed and called -- see L{SubsystemHandler} for more
detailed documentation.
Any extra parameters (including keyword arguments) are saved and
passed to the L{SubsystemHandler} constructor later.
@param name: name of the subsystem.
@type name: str
@param handler: subclass of L{SubsystemHandler} that handles this
subsystem.
@type handler: class
"""
try:
self.lock.acquire()
self.subsystem_table[name] = (handler, larg, kwarg)
finally:
self.lock.release()
### internals...
def _log(self, level, msg):
if type(msg) == type([]):
for m in msg:
self.logger.log(level, m)
else:
self.logger.log(level, msg)
def _get_modulus_pack(self):
"used by KexGex to find primes for group exchange"
return self._modulus_pack
def _unlink_channel(self, chanid):
"used by a Channel to remove itself from the active channel list"
try:
self.lock.acquire()
if self.channels.has_key(chanid):
del self.channels[chanid]
finally:
self.lock.release()
def _check_keepalive(self):
if (not self.keepalive_interval) or (not self.initial_kex_done):
return
now = time.time()
if now > self.keepalive_last + self.keepalive_interval:
self.global_request('keepalive@lag.net', wait=False)
def _py22_read_all(self, n):
out = ''
while n > 0:
r, w, e = select.select([self.sock], [], [], 0.1)
if self.sock not in r:
if not self.active:
raise EOFError()
self._check_keepalive()
else:
x = self.sock.recv(n)
if len(x) == 0:
raise EOFError()
out += x
n -= len(x)
return out
def _read_all(self, n):
if PY22:
return self._py22_read_all(n)
out = ''
while n > 0:
try:
x = self.sock.recv(n)
if len(x) == 0:
raise EOFError()
out += x
n -= len(x)
except socket.timeout:
if not self.active:
raise EOFError()
self._check_keepalive()
return out
def _write_all(self, out):
self.keepalive_last = time.time()
while len(out) > 0:
try:
n = self.sock.send(out)
except:
# could be: (32, 'Broken pipe')
n = -1
if n < 0:
raise EOFError()
if n == len(out):
return
out = out[n:]
return
def _build_packet(self, payload):
# pad up at least 4 bytes, to nearest block-size (usually 8)
bsize = self.block_size_out
padding = 3 + bsize - ((len(payload) + 8) % bsize)
packet = struct.pack('>I', len(payload) + padding + 1)
packet += chr(padding)
packet += payload
packet += randpool.get_bytes(padding)
return packet
def _send_message(self, data):
# encrypt this sucka
data = str(data)
cmd = ord(data[0])
if cmd in MSG_NAMES:
cmd_name = MSG_NAMES[cmd]
else:
cmd_name = '$%x' % cmd
self._log(DEBUG, 'Write packet <%s>, length %d' % (cmd_name, len(data)))
packet = self._build_packet(data)
if self.ultra_debug:
self._log(DEBUG, util.format_binary(packet, 'OUT: '))
if self.engine_out != None:
out = self.engine_out.encrypt(packet)
else:
out = packet
# + mac
try:
self.write_lock.acquire()
if self.engine_out != None:
payload = struct.pack('>I', self.sequence_number_out) + packet
out += HMAC.HMAC(self.mac_key_out, payload, self.local_mac_engine).digest()[:self.local_mac_len]
self.sequence_number_out += 1L
self.sequence_number_out %= 0x100000000L
self._write_all(out)
self.sent_bytes += len(out)
self.sent_packets += 1
if ((self.sent_packets >= self.REKEY_PACKETS) or (self.sent_bytes >= self.REKEY_BYTES)) \
and (self.local_kex_init is None):
# only ask once for rekeying
self._log(DEBUG, 'Rekeying (hit %d packets, %d bytes sent)' %
(self.sent_packets, self.sent_bytes))
self.received_packets_overflow = 0
# this may do a recursive lock, but that's okay:
self._send_kex_init()
finally:
self.write_lock.release()
def _send_user_message(self, data):
"""
send a message, but block if we're in key negotiation. this is used
for user-initiated requests.
"""
while 1:
self.clear_to_send.wait(0.1)
if not self.active:
self._log(DEBUG, 'Dropping user packet because connection is dead.')
return
if self.clear_to_send.isSet():
break
self._send_message(data)
def _read_message(self):
"only one thread will ever be in this function"
header = self._read_all(self.block_size_in)
if self.engine_in != None:
header = self.engine_in.decrypt(header)
if self.ultra_debug:
self._log(DEBUG, util.format_binary(header, 'IN: '));
packet_size = struct.unpack('>I', header[:4])[0]
# leftover contains decrypted bytes from the first block (after the length field)
leftover = header[4:]
if (packet_size - len(leftover)) % self.block_size_in != 0:
raise SSHException('Invalid packet blocking')
buffer = self._read_all(packet_size + self.remote_mac_len - len(leftover))
packet = buffer[:packet_size - len(leftover)]
post_packet = buffer[packet_size - len(leftover):]
if self.engine_in != None:
packet = self.engine_in.decrypt(packet)
if self.ultra_debug:
self._log(DEBUG, util.format_binary(packet, 'IN: '));
packet = leftover + packet
if self.remote_mac_len > 0:
mac = post_packet[:self.remote_mac_len]
mac_payload = struct.pack('>II', self.sequence_number_in, packet_size) + packet
my_mac = HMAC.HMAC(self.mac_key_in, mac_payload, self.remote_mac_engine).digest()[:self.remote_mac_len]
if my_mac != mac:
raise SSHException('Mismatched MAC')
padding = ord(packet[0])
payload = packet[1:packet_size - padding + 1]
randpool.add_event(packet[packet_size - padding + 1])
if self.ultra_debug:
self._log(DEBUG, 'Got payload (%d bytes, %d padding)' % (packet_size, padding))
msg = Message(payload[1:])
msg.seqno = self.sequence_number_in
self.sequence_number_in = (self.sequence_number_in + 1) & 0xffffffffL
# check for rekey
self.received_bytes += packet_size + self.remote_mac_len + 4
self.received_packets += 1
if self.local_kex_init is not None:
# we've asked to rekey -- give them 20 packets to comply before
# dropping the connection
self.received_packets_overflow += 1
if self.received_packets_overflow >= 20:
raise SSHException('Remote transport is ignoring rekey requests')
elif (self.received_packets >= self.REKEY_PACKETS) or \
(self.received_bytes >= self.REKEY_BYTES):
# only ask once for rekeying
self._log(DEBUG, 'Rekeying (hit %d packets, %d bytes received)' %
(self.received_packets, self.received_bytes))
self.received_packets_overflow = 0
self._send_kex_init()
cmd = ord(payload[0])
if cmd in MSG_NAMES:
cmd_name = MSG_NAMES[cmd]
else:
cmd_name = '$%x' % cmd
self._log(DEBUG, 'Read packet <%s>, length %d' % (cmd_name, len(payload)))
return cmd, msg
def _set_K_H(self, k, h):
"used by a kex object to set the K (root key) and H (exchange hash)"
self.K = k
self.H = h
if self.session_id == None:
self.session_id = h
def _expect_packet(self, type):
"used by a kex object to register the next packet type it expects to see"
self.expected_packet = type
def _verify_key(self, host_key, sig):
key = self._key_info[self.host_key_type](Message(host_key))
if key is None:
raise SSHException('Unknown host key type')
if not key.verify_ssh_sig(self.H, Message(sig)):
raise SSHException('Signature verification (%s) failed. Boo. Robey should debug this.' % self.host_key_type)
self.host_key = key
def _compute_key(self, id, nbytes):
"id is 'A' - 'F' for the various keys used by ssh"
m = Message()
m.add_mpint(self.K)
m.add_bytes(self.H)
m.add_byte(id)
m.add_bytes(self.session_id)
out = sofar = SHA.new(str(m)).digest()
while len(out) < nbytes:
m = Message()
m.add_mpint(self.K)
m.add_bytes(self.H)
m.add_bytes(sofar)
hash = SHA.new(str(m)).digest()
out += hash
sofar += hash
return out[:nbytes]
def _get_cipher(self, name, key, iv):
if not self._cipher_info.has_key(name):
raise SSHException('Unknown client cipher ' + name)
return self._cipher_info[name]['class'].new(key, self._cipher_info[name]['mode'], iv)
def _run(self):
self.active = True
_active_threads.append(self)
try:
# SSH-1.99-OpenSSH_2.9p2
self._write_all(self.local_version + '\r\n')
self._check_banner()
self._send_kex_init()
self.expected_packet = MSG_KEXINIT
while self.active:
ptype, m = self._read_message()
if ptype == MSG_IGNORE:
continue
elif ptype == MSG_DISCONNECT:
self._parse_disconnect(m)
self.active = False
break
elif ptype == MSG_DEBUG:
self._parse_debug(m)
continue
if self.expected_packet != 0:
if ptype != self.expected_packet:
raise SSHException('Expecting packet %d, got %d' % (self.expected_packet, ptype))
self.expected_packet = 0
if (ptype >= 30) and (ptype <= 39):
self.kex_engine.parse_next(ptype, m)
continue
if self._handler_table.has_key(ptype):
self._handler_table[ptype](self, m)
elif self._channel_handler_table.has_key(ptype):
chanid = m.get_int()
if self.channels.has_key(chanid):
self._channel_handler_table[ptype](self.channels[chanid], m)
else:
self._log(ERROR, 'Channel request for unknown channel %d' % chanid)
self.active = False
else:
self._log(WARNING, 'Oops, unhandled type %d' % ptype)
msg = Message()
msg.add_byte(chr(MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED))
msg.add_int(m.seqno)
self._send_message(msg)
except SSHException, e:
self._log(ERROR, 'Exception: ' + str(e))
self._log(ERROR, util.tb_strings())
self.saved_exception = e
except EOFError, e:
self._log(DEBUG, 'EOF in transport thread')
#self._log(DEBUG, util.tb_strings())
self.saved_exception = e
except Exception, e:
self._log(ERROR, 'Unknown exception: ' + str(e))
self._log(ERROR, util.tb_strings())
self.saved_exception = e
_active_threads.remove(self)
for chan in self.channels.values():
chan._unlink()
if self.active:
self.active = False
if self.completion_event != None:
self.completion_event.set()
if self.auth_event != None:
self.auth_event.set()
for event in self.channel_events.values():
event.set()
self.sock.close()
### protocol stages
def _negotiate_keys(self, m):
# throws SSHException on anything unusual
self.clear_to_send.clear()
if self.local_kex_init == None:
# remote side wants to renegotiate
self._send_kex_init()
self._parse_kex_init(m)
self.kex_engine.start_kex()
def _check_banner(self):
# this is slow, but we only have to do it once
for i in range(5):
buffer = ''
while not '\n' in buffer:
buffer += self._read_all(1)
buffer = buffer[:-1]
if (len(buffer) > 0) and (buffer[-1] == '\r'):
buffer = buffer[:-1]
if buffer[:4] == 'SSH-':
break
self._log(DEBUG, 'Banner: ' + buffer)
if buffer[:4] != 'SSH-':
raise SSHException('Indecipherable protocol version "' + buffer + '"')
# save this server version string for later
self.remote_version = buffer
# pull off any attached comment
comment = ''
i = string.find(buffer, ' ')
if i >= 0:
comment = buffer[i+1:]
buffer = buffer[:i]
# parse out version string and make sure it matches
segs = buffer.split('-', 2)
if len(segs) < 3:
raise SSHException('Invalid SSH banner')
version = segs[1]
client = segs[2]
if version != '1.99' and version != '2.0':
raise SSHException('Incompatible version (%s instead of 2.0)' % (version,))
self._log(INFO, 'Connected (version %s, client %s)' % (version, client))
def _send_kex_init(self):
"""
announce to the other side that we'd like to negotiate keys, and what
kind of key negotiation we support.
"""
self.clear_to_send.clear()
if self.server_mode:
if (self._modulus_pack is None) and ('diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1' in self._preferred_kex):
# can't do group-exchange if we don't have a pack of potential primes
pkex = list(self.get_security_options().kex)
pkex.remove('diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1')
self.get_security_options().kex = pkex
available_server_keys = filter(self.server_key_dict.keys().__contains__,
self._preferred_keys)
else:
available_server_keys = self._preferred_keys
m = Message()
m.add_byte(chr(MSG_KEXINIT))
m.add_bytes(randpool.get_bytes(16))
m.add(','.join(self._preferred_kex))
m.add(','.join(available_server_keys))
m.add(','.join(self._preferred_ciphers))
m.add(','.join(self._preferred_ciphers))
m.add(','.join(self._preferred_macs))
m.add(','.join(self._preferred_macs))
m.add('none')
m.add('none')
m.add('')
m.add('')
m.add_boolean(0)
m.add_int(0)
# save a copy for later (needed to compute a hash)
self.local_kex_init = str(m)
self._send_message(m)
def _parse_kex_init(self, m):
# reset counters of when to re-key, since we are now re-keying
self.received_bytes = 0
self.received_packets = 0
self.received_packets_overflow = 0
self.sent_bytes = 0
self.sent_packets = 0
cookie = m.get_bytes(16)
kex_algo_list = m.get_list()
server_key_algo_list = m.get_list()
client_encrypt_algo_list = m.get_list()
server_encrypt_algo_list = m.get_list()
client_mac_algo_list = m.get_list()
server_mac_algo_list = m.get_list()
client_compress_algo_list = m.get_list()
server_compress_algo_list = m.get_list()
client_lang_list = m.get_list()
server_lang_list = m.get_list()
kex_follows = m.get_boolean()
unused = m.get_int()
# no compression support (yet?)
if (not('none' in client_compress_algo_list) or
not('none' in server_compress_algo_list)):
raise SSHException('Incompatible ssh peer.')
# as a server, we pick the first item in the client's list that we support.
# as a client, we pick the first item in our list that the server supports.
if self.server_mode:
agreed_kex = filter(self._preferred_kex.__contains__, kex_algo_list)
else:
agreed_kex = filter(kex_algo_list.__contains__, self._preferred_kex)
if len(agreed_kex) == 0:
raise SSHException('Incompatible ssh peer (no acceptable kex algorithm)')
self.kex_engine = self._kex_info[agreed_kex[0]](self)
if self.server_mode:
available_server_keys = filter(self.server_key_dict.keys().__contains__,
self._preferred_keys)
agreed_keys = filter(available_server_keys.__contains__, server_key_algo_list)
else:
agreed_keys = filter(server_key_algo_list.__contains__, self._preferred_keys)
if len(agreed_keys) == 0:
raise SSHException('Incompatible ssh peer (no acceptable host key)')
self.host_key_type = agreed_keys[0]
if self.server_mode and (self.get_server_key() is None):
raise SSHException('Incompatible ssh peer (can\'t match requested host key type)')
if self.server_mode:
agreed_local_ciphers = filter(self._preferred_ciphers.__contains__,
server_encrypt_algo_list)
agreed_remote_ciphers = filter(self._preferred_ciphers.__contains__,
client_encrypt_algo_list)
else:
agreed_local_ciphers = filter(client_encrypt_algo_list.__contains__,
self._preferred_ciphers)
agreed_remote_ciphers = filter(server_encrypt_algo_list.__contains__,
self._preferred_ciphers)
if (len(agreed_local_ciphers) == 0) or (len(agreed_remote_ciphers) == 0):
raise SSHException('Incompatible ssh server (no acceptable ciphers)')
self.local_cipher = agreed_local_ciphers[0]
self.remote_cipher = agreed_remote_ciphers[0]
self._log(DEBUG, 'Ciphers agreed: local=%s, remote=%s' % (self.local_cipher, self.remote_cipher))
if self.server_mode:
agreed_remote_macs = filter(self._preferred_macs.__contains__, client_mac_algo_list)
agreed_local_macs = filter(self._preferred_macs.__contains__, server_mac_algo_list)
else:
agreed_local_macs = filter(client_mac_algo_list.__contains__, self._preferred_macs)
agreed_remote_macs = filter(server_mac_algo_list.__contains__, self._preferred_macs)
if (len(agreed_local_macs) == 0) or (len(agreed_remote_macs) == 0):
raise SSHException('Incompatible ssh server (no acceptable macs)')
self.local_mac = agreed_local_macs[0]
self.remote_mac = agreed_remote_macs[0]
self._log(DEBUG, 'kex algos:' + str(kex_algo_list) + ' server key:' + str(server_key_algo_list) + \
' client encrypt:' + str(client_encrypt_algo_list) + \
' server encrypt:' + str(server_encrypt_algo_list) + \
' client mac:' + str(client_mac_algo_list) + \
' server mac:' + str(server_mac_algo_list) + \
' client compress:' + str(client_compress_algo_list) + \
' server compress:' + str(server_compress_algo_list) + \
' client lang:' + str(client_lang_list) + \
' server lang:' + str(server_lang_list) + \
' kex follows?' + str(kex_follows))
self._log(DEBUG, 'using kex %s; server key type %s; cipher: local %s, remote %s; mac: local %s, remote %s' %
(agreed_kex[0], self.host_key_type, self.local_cipher, self.remote_cipher, self.local_mac,
self.remote_mac))
# save for computing hash later...
# now wait! openssh has a bug (and others might too) where there are
# actually some extra bytes (one NUL byte in openssh's case) added to
# the end of the packet but not parsed. turns out we need to throw
# away those bytes because they aren't part of the hash.
self.remote_kex_init = chr(MSG_KEXINIT) + m.get_so_far()
def _activate_inbound(self):
"switch on newly negotiated encryption parameters for inbound traffic"
self.block_size_in = self._cipher_info[self.remote_cipher]['block-size']
if self.server_mode:
IV_in = self._compute_key('A', self.block_size_in)
key_in = self._compute_key('C', self._cipher_info[self.remote_cipher]['key-size'])
else:
IV_in = self._compute_key('B', self.block_size_in)
key_in = self._compute_key('D', self._cipher_info[self.remote_cipher]['key-size'])
self.engine_in = self._get_cipher(self.remote_cipher, key_in, IV_in)
self.remote_mac_len = self._mac_info[self.remote_mac]['size']
self.remote_mac_engine = self._mac_info[self.remote_mac]['class']
# initial mac keys are done in the hash's natural size (not the potentially truncated
# transmission size)
if self.server_mode:
self.mac_key_in = self._compute_key('E', self.remote_mac_engine.digest_size)
else:
self.mac_key_in = self._compute_key('F', self.remote_mac_engine.digest_size)
def _activate_outbound(self):
"switch on newly negotiated encryption parameters for outbound traffic"
m = Message()
m.add_byte(chr(MSG_NEWKEYS))
self._send_message(m)
self.block_size_out = self._cipher_info[self.local_cipher]['block-size']
if self.server_mode:
IV_out = self._compute_key('B', self.block_size_out)
key_out = self._compute_key('D', self._cipher_info[self.local_cipher]['key-size'])
else:
IV_out = self._compute_key('A', self.block_size_out)
key_out = self._compute_key('C', self._cipher_info[self.local_cipher]['key-size'])
self.engine_out = self._get_cipher(self.local_cipher, key_out, IV_out)
self.local_mac_len = self._mac_info[self.local_mac]['size']
self.local_mac_engine = self._mac_info[self.local_mac]['class']
# initial mac keys are done in the hash's natural size (not the potentially truncated
# transmission size)
if self.server_mode:
self.mac_key_out = self._compute_key('F', self.local_mac_engine.digest_size)
else:
self.mac_key_out = self._compute_key('E', self.local_mac_engine.digest_size)
# we always expect to receive NEWKEYS now
self.expected_packet = MSG_NEWKEYS
def _parse_newkeys(self, m):
self._log(DEBUG, 'Switch to new keys ...')
self._activate_inbound()
# can also free a bunch of stuff here
self.local_kex_init = self.remote_kex_init = None
self.e = self.f = self.K = self.x = None
if not self.initial_kex_done:
# this was the first key exchange
self.initial_kex_done = True
# send an event?
if self.completion_event != None:
self.completion_event.set()
# it's now okay to send data again (if this was a re-key)
self.clear_to_send.set()
return
def _parse_disconnect(self, m):
code = m.get_int()
desc = m.get_string()
self._log(INFO, 'Disconnect (code %d): %s' % (code, desc))
def _parse_global_request(self, m):
kind = m.get_string()
self._log(DEBUG, 'Received global request "%s"' % kind)
want_reply = m.get_boolean()
ok = self.check_global_request(kind, m)
extra = ()
if type(ok) is tuple:
extra = ok
ok = True
if want_reply:
msg = Message()
if ok:
msg.add_byte(chr(MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS))
for item in extra:
msg.add(item)
else:
msg.add_byte(chr(MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE))
self._send_message(msg)
def _parse_request_success(self, m):
self._log(DEBUG, 'Global request successful.')
self.global_response = m
if self.completion_event is not None:
self.completion_event.set()
def _parse_request_failure(self, m):
self._log(DEBUG, 'Global request denied.')
self.global_response = None
if self.completion_event is not None:
self.completion_event.set()
def _parse_channel_open_success(self, m):
chanid = m.get_int()
server_chanid = m.get_int()
server_window_size = m.get_int()
server_max_packet_size = m.get_int()
if not self.channels.has_key(chanid):
self._log(WARNING, 'Success for unrequested channel! [??]')
return
try:
self.lock.acquire()
chan = self.channels[chanid]
chan._set_remote_channel(server_chanid, server_window_size, server_max_packet_size)
self._log(INFO, 'Secsh channel %d opened.' % chanid)
if self.channel_events.has_key(chanid):
self.channel_events[chanid].set()
del self.channel_events[chanid]
finally:
self.lock.release()
return
def _parse_channel_open_failure(self, m):
chanid = m.get_int()
reason = m.get_int()
reason_str = m.get_string()
lang = m.get_string()
if _CONNECTION_FAILED_CODE.has_key(reason):
reason_text = _CONNECTION_FAILED_CODE[reason]
else:
reason_text = '(unknown code)'
self._log(INFO, 'Secsh channel %d open FAILED: %s: %s' % (chanid, reason_str, reason_text))
try:
self.lock.aquire()
if self.channels.has_key(chanid):
del self.channels[chanid]
if self.channel_events.has_key(chanid):
self.channel_events[chanid].set()
del self.channel_events[chanid]
finally:
self.lock.release()
return
def _parse_channel_open(self, m):
kind = m.get_string()
chanid = m.get_int()
initial_window_size = m.get_int()
max_packet_size = m.get_int()
reject = False
if not self.server_mode:
self._log(DEBUG, 'Rejecting "%s" channel request from server.' % kind)
reject = True
reason = OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED
else:
try:
self.lock.acquire()
my_chanid = self.channel_counter
self.channel_counter += 1
finally:
self.lock.release()
reason = self.server_object.check_channel_request(kind, my_chanid)
if reason != OPEN_SUCCEEDED:
self._log(DEBUG, 'Rejecting "%s" channel request from client.' % kind)
reject = True
if reject:
msg = Message()
msg.add_byte(chr(MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE))
msg.add_int(chanid)
msg.add_int(reason)
msg.add_string('')
msg.add_string('en')
self._send_message(msg)
return
chan = Channel(my_chanid)
try:
self.lock.acquire()
self.channels[my_chanid] = chan
chan._set_transport(self)
chan._set_window(self.window_size, self.max_packet_size)
chan._set_remote_channel(chanid, initial_window_size, max_packet_size)
finally:
self.lock.release()
m = Message()
m.add_byte(chr(MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_SUCCESS))
m.add_int(chanid)
m.add_int(my_chanid)
m.add_int(self.window_size)
m.add_int(self.max_packet_size)
self._send_message(m)
self._log(INFO, 'Secsh channel %d opened.' % my_chanid)
try:
self.lock.acquire()
self.server_accepts.append(chan)
self.server_accept_cv.notify()
finally:
self.lock.release()
def _parse_debug(self, m):
always_display = m.get_boolean()
msg = m.get_string()
lang = m.get_string()
self._log(DEBUG, 'Debug msg: ' + util.safe_string(msg))
def _get_subsystem_handler(self, name):
try:
self.lock.acquire()
if not self.subsystem_table.has_key(name):
return (None, [], {})
return self.subsystem_table[name]
finally:
self.lock.release()
_handler_table = {
MSG_NEWKEYS: _parse_newkeys,
MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST: _parse_global_request,
MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS: _parse_request_success,
MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE: _parse_request_failure,
MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_SUCCESS: _parse_channel_open_success,
MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE: _parse_channel_open_failure,
MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN: _parse_channel_open,
MSG_KEXINIT: _negotiate_keys,
}
_channel_handler_table = {
MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS: Channel._request_success,
MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE: Channel._request_failed,
MSG_CHANNEL_DATA: Channel._feed,
MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST: Channel._window_adjust,
MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST: Channel._handle_request,
MSG_CHANNEL_EOF: Channel._handle_eof,
MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE: Channel._handle_close,
}
from server import ServerInterface