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paramiko 1.7
"zubat" release, 18 feb 2007
Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Robey Pointer <robey@lag.net> ========
paramiko
========
http://www.lag.net/paramiko/ :Paramiko: Python SSH module
:Copyright: Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Robey Pointer <robey@lag.net>
:License: LGPL
:Homepage: http://www.lag.net/paramiko/
*** WHAT paramiko 1.7.1
==============
"Amy" release, 10 june 2007
What
----
"paramiko" is a combination of the esperanto words for "paranoid" and "paramiko" is a combination of the esperanto words for "paranoid" and
"friend". it's a module for python 2.2+ that implements the SSH2 protocol "friend". it's a module for python 2.2+ that implements the SSH2 protocol
@ -25,62 +36,68 @@ the package and its API is fairly well documented in the "doc/" folder
that should have come with this archive. that should have come with this archive.
*** REQUIREMENTS Requirements
------------
python 2.3 <http://www.python.org/> - python 2.3 <http://www.python.org/>
(python 2.2 is also supported, but not recommended) (python 2.2 is also supported, but not recommended)
pycrypto 1.9+ <http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html> - pycrypto 1.9+ <http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html>
(2.0 works too) (2.0 works too)
pycrypto compiled for Win32 can be downloaded from the HashTar homepage: pycrypto compiled for Win32 can be downloaded from the HashTar homepage:
http://nitace.bsd.uchicago.edu:8080/hashtar http://nitace.bsd.uchicago.edu:8080/hashtar
you can also build it yourself using the free MinGW tools and this command you can also build it yourself using the free MinGW tools and this command
line (thanks to Roger Binns for the info): line (thanks to Roger Binns for the info)::
python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32 bdist_wininst python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32 bdist_wininst
If you have setuptools, you can build and install paramiko and all its If you have setuptools, you can build and install paramiko and all its
dependencies with this command (as root): dependencies with this command (as root)::
easy_install ./ easy_install ./
*** PORTABILITY Portability
-----------
i code and test this library on Linux and MacOS X. for that reason, i'm i code and test this library on Linux and MacOS X. for that reason, i'm
pretty sure that it works for all posix platforms, including MacOS. i pretty sure that it works for all posix platforms, including MacOS. it
also think it will work on Windows, though i've never tested it there. if should also work on Windows, though i don't test it as frequently there.
you run into Windows problems, send me a patch: portability is important if you run into Windows problems, send me a patch: portability is important
to me. to me.
python 2.2 may work, thanks to some patches from Roger Binns. things to python 2.2 may work, thanks to some patches from Roger Binns. things to
watch out for: watch out for:
* sockets in 2.2 don't support timeouts, so the 'select' module is
imported to do polling. * sockets in 2.2 don't support timeouts, so the 'select' module is
* logging is mostly stubbed out. it works just enough to let paramiko imported to do polling.
create log files for debugging, if you want them. to get real logging, * logging is mostly stubbed out. it works just enough to let paramiko
you can backport python 2.3's logging package. Roger has done that create log files for debugging, if you want them. to get real logging,
already: you can backport python 2.3's logging package. Roger has done that
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=75211&package_id=113804 already:
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=75211&package_id=113804
you really should upgrade to python 2.3. laziness is no excuse! :) you really should upgrade to python 2.3. laziness is no excuse! :)
some python distributions don't include the utf-8 string encodings, for some python distributions don't include the utf-8 string encodings, for
reasons of space (misdirected as that is). if your distribution is reasons of space (misdirected as that is). if your distribution is
missing encodings, you'll see an error like this: missing encodings, you'll see an error like this::
LookupError: no codec search functions registered: can't find encoding LookupError: no codec search functions registered: can't find encoding
this means you need to copy string encodings over from a working system. this means you need to copy string encodings over from a working system.
(it probably only happens on embedded systems, not normal python (it probably only happens on embedded systems, not normal python
installls.) installls.) Valeriy Pogrebitskiy says the best place to look is
Valeriy Pogrebitskiy says the best place to look is ``.../lib/python*/encodings/__init__.py``.
'.../lib/python*/encodings/__init__.py'.
*** BUGS & SUPPORT Bugs & Support
--------------
there's a launchpage page for paramiko, with a bug tracker: there's a launchpage page for paramiko, with a bug tracker:
http://www.launchpad.net/products/paramiko/ https://launchpad.net/paramiko/
this is the primary place to file and browse bug reports. this is the primary place to file and browse bug reports.
@ -89,10 +106,11 @@ there's also a low-traffic mailing list for support and discussions:
http://www.lag.net/mailman/listinfo/paramiko http://www.lag.net/mailman/listinfo/paramiko
*** DEMO Demo
----
several demo scripts come with paramiko to demonstrate how to use it. several demo scripts come with paramiko to demonstrate how to use it.
probably the simplest demo of all is this: probably the simplest demo of all is this::
import paramiko, base64 import paramiko, base64
key = paramiko.RSAKey(data=base64.decodestring('AAA...')) key = paramiko.RSAKey(data=base64.decodestring('AAA...'))
@ -104,37 +122,38 @@ probably the simplest demo of all is this:
print '... ' + line.strip('\n') print '... ' + line.strip('\n')
client.close() client.close()
...which prints out the results of executing 'ls' on a remote server. ...which prints out the results of executing ``ls`` on a remote server.
(the host key 'AAA...' should of course be replaced by the actual base64 (the host key 'AAA...' should of course be replaced by the actual base64
encoding of the host key. if you skip host key verification, the encoding of the host key. if you skip host key verification, the
connection is not secure!) connection is not secure!)
the following example scripts (in demos/) get progressively more detailed: the following example scripts (in demos/) get progressively more detailed:
demo_simple.py :demo_simple.py:
calls invoke_shell() and emulates a terminal/tty through which you can calls invoke_shell() and emulates a terminal/tty through which you can
execute commands interactively on a remote server. think of it as a execute commands interactively on a remote server. think of it as a
poor man's ssh command-line client. poor man's ssh command-line client.
demo.py :demo.py:
same as demo_simple.py, but allows you to authenticiate using a same as demo_simple.py, but allows you to authenticiate using a
private key, attempts to use an SSH-agent if present, and uses the long private key, attempts to use an SSH-agent if present, and uses the long
form of some of the API calls. form of some of the API calls.
forward.py :forward.py:
command-line script to set up port-forwarding across an ssh transport. command-line script to set up port-forwarding across an ssh transport.
(requires python 2.3.) (requires python 2.3.)
demo_sftp.py :demo_sftp.py:
opens an sftp session and does a few simple file operations. opens an sftp session and does a few simple file operations.
demo_server.py :demo_server.py:
an ssh server that listens on port 2200 and accepts a login for an ssh server that listens on port 2200 and accepts a login for
'robey' (password 'foo'), and pretends to be a BBS. meant to be a 'robey' (password 'foo'), and pretends to be a BBS. meant to be a
very simple demo of writing an ssh server. very simple demo of writing an ssh server.
*** USE Use
---
the demo scripts are probably the best example of how to use this package. the demo scripts are probably the best example of how to use this package.
there is also a lot of documentation, generated with epydoc, in the doc/ there is also a lot of documentation, generated with epydoc, in the doc/
@ -142,78 +161,8 @@ folder. point your browser there. seriously, do it. mad props to
epydoc, which actually motivated me to write more documentation than i epydoc, which actually motivated me to write more documentation than i
ever would have before. ever would have before.
there are also unit tests here: there are also unit tests here::
$ python ./test.py $ python ./test.py
which will verify that most of the core components are working correctly. which will verify that most of the core components are working correctly.
*** WHAT'S NEW
highlights of what's new in each release:
v1.7 ZUBAT
* added x11 channel support (patch from david guerizec)
* added reverse port forwarding support
* (bug 75370) raise an exception when contacting a broken SFTP server
* (bug 80295) SSHClient shouldn't expand the user directory twice when reading
RSA/DSS keys
* (bug 82383) typo in DSS key in SSHClient
* (bug 83523) python 2.5 warning when encoding a file's modification time
* if connecting to an SSH agent fails, silently fallback instead of raising
an exception
v1.6.4 YANMA
* fix setup.py on osx (oops!)
* (bug 69330) check for the existence of RSA/DSA keys before trying to open
them in SFTPClient
* (bug 69222) catch EAGAIN in socket code to workaround a bug in recent
Linux 2.6 kernels
* (bug 70398) improve dict emulation in HostKeys objects
* try harder to make sure all worker threads are joined on Transport.close()
v1.6.3 XATU
* fixed bug where HostKeys.__setitem__ wouldn't always do the right thing
* fixed bug in SFTPClient.chdir and SFTPAttributes.__str__ [patch from
mike barber]
* try harder not to raise EOFError from within SFTPClient
* fixed bug where a thread waiting in accept() could block forever if the
transport dies [patch from mike looijmans]
v1.6.2 WEEDLE
* added support for "old" group-exchange server mode, for compatibility
with the windows putty client
* fixed some more interactions with SFTP file readv() and prefetch()
* when saving the known_hosts file, preserve the original order [patch from
warren young]
* fix a couple of broken lines when exporting classes (bug 55946)
v1.6.1 VULPIX
* more unit tests fixed for windows/cygwin (thanks to alexander belchenko)
* a couple of fixes related to exceptions leaking out of SFTPClient
* added ability to set items in HostKeys via __setitem__
* HostKeys now retains order and has a save() method
* added PKey.write_private_key and PKey.from_private_key
v1.6 UMBREON
* pageant support on Windows thanks to john arbash meinel and todd whiteman
* fixed unit tests to work under windows and cygwin (thanks to alexander
belchenko for debugging)
* various bugfixes/tweaks to SFTP file prefetch
* added SSHClient for a higher-level API
* SFTP readv() now yields results as it gets them
* several APIs changed to throw an exception instead of "False" on failure
*** MISSING LINKS
* allow setting chmod bits on SFTPClient.open() for create
* host-based auth (yuck!)
* ctr forms of ciphers are missing (blowfish-ctr, aes128-ctr, aes256-ctr)
* sftp protocol 6 support (ugh....) -- once it settles down more
* make a simple example demonstrating use of SocketServer (besides forward.py?)
* should SSHClient try to use openssh config files?
* figure out how to parse ssh.com encrypted key files?
* is it possible to poll on a set of events at once?
* potentially create only one thread shared by all Transports
* SSHClient: flag to turn off agent detection? flag to turn off keyfile discovery?